Thursday, September 29, 2011

"Welcome to the Story: Reading, Loving, and Living God's Word" by Stephen J Nichols

There is a growing trend in Christianity which I find helpful.  Many Christians are stepping back and looking at the grand meta-narrative of Scripture from beginning to end - from Genesis to Revelation.  If we believe that God is provident, then we also believe that God has directed the beginning, the middle, and the end of His Divine Story.  This is most clearly seen in Scripture itself.

Recently, Christian historian Stephen J. Nichols whose books have been particularly helpful to me has published his attempt at presenting the biblical story and how to understand it in Crossways Welcome to the Story:  Reading, Loving, & Living God's Word.

Nichols follows the basic storyline of the Bible presented as Creation, Fall, Redemption, and Restoration.  Each section receives its own separate chapter and the author shows how each effects the biblical story and, really, our story. Throughout these sections, the author weaves in biblical theology with insights from history (his bread and butter) guiding the reader through the Story itself.

For the most part the author manages to stay away from controversial theological issues. This was rather surprising to me especially since Nichols is an distinguished Christian scholar.  He has already written books on Christology, Bibliology, Martin Luther, and other topics and thus is quit competent to speak on some of the issues that are naturally raised when discussing the meta-narrative of Scripture.

For example, in the chapter on Creation, little to nothing is said regarding the various views regarding how to interpret the Biblical record. What about evolution? How old is the Earth?  Surely these views affect our understanding of the Story.  But one helpful part of the creation discussion was hos suggestion borrowing from Karl Barth that "image" means relationship.  Like the Trinity, we are relational beings. 

One shortfall here is common among such projects.  It is amazing how easily Christians skip from Genesis 3 (the Fall) to Matthew 1 (the Incarnation) or later (the crucifixion and resurrection).  A lot happens in between those events to say the least. What does the giving of the Law, the rise of the Judges, the monarchy, the captivity, and the rebuilding of the Temple have to do with God's Divine Story?  Though Nichols quotes from the prophets and other Old Testament texts later in the book, at this point he virtually skips them and he is not alone.  This is a serious challenge for Christians who tell the Story of Scripture.  We cannot dismiss God's dealings with Israel so easily.

But the book is not just a summary of the biblical narrative.  Much of the book helps the reader understand Scripture subjectively.  He guides the reader through how not to miss the point (a reference to Brian McLaren and Tony Campolo?), the affect that Scripture has on us, how to draw the right interpretation and meaning of Scripture, etc.  One of the things I love about Nichols and his books, writings, lectures, etc. is that he is not just an ivory tower academic, but a person who tries to make the complex understandable to the average believer.  He takes on soteriology, christology, and bibliology not to display his writing abilities, but to help Christians better understand his faith and that is what he does here.

Overall this is a helpful book worth considering but in comparison to his other books, this is not Dr. Nichols best book.  Nichols is at his best when he is discussing history and those who changed it.  That does not mean that this is a terrible book, it isn't, but only to offer an honest critique.  The book stands on its own as a helpful introduction to the Story of Scripture and how to love and live it (as the title and subtitle suggests). 

For readers wanting to understand this story and to know how it all fits together, this may be a helpful tool for you.  But for those wanting details, perhaps you should look elsewhere.


This book was given to me free of charge for the purpose of this review. 


For more:
Reviews - "For Us and Our Salvation" by Stephen Nichols
Reviews - "Jesus Made in America" by Stephen Nichols
Reviews - "Ancient Word, Changing Worlds"  
Reviews - "King Solomon" by Philip Graham Ryken 
Reviews - "God's Word in Human Words": Full Series 
Reviews - "How to Read the Bible as Literature . . . and Get More Out of It
Reviews - "Am I Really a Christian?" by Mike McKinley  
Reviews - "Life's Biggest Questions" by Erik Thoennes 

Tuesday, September 20, 2011

"Lukan Authorship of Hebrews"

Who wrote the book of Hebrews?  That question has haunted Christians, theologians, historians, and scholars since its original writing.  There is so much mystery to this question that many have simply thrown up their hands and on faith declare that whoever wrote it did so under the guiding hand of the Holy Spirit.  That, for the most part, is good enough.  But it doesn't answer the question.

In the book"Lukan Authorship of Hebrews," scholar David L. Allen suggests (as the title suggests) that the author of Hebrews is not as mysterious as we might think.  The author, based on internal, external, historical, and linguistic evidence, believes that Luke wrote independently the book we now call Hebrews. 

The book is part of the excellent New American Commentary Series which explores various theological issues.  In what I believe is the most thorough book on the subject, Dr. Allen presents a strong case that though is not conclusive does reveal that there is credible evidence to conclude that Luke wrote the mysterious letter to the Hebrews.

The author begins with a survey of the evidence and then discusses some of the more popular options:  Paul, Barnabas, and Apollos.  Paul has always been the assumed author.  So much so that some Bible's have labeled the letter Pauline in spite of the many questions.  With clarity and through extensive and honest research, the author presents the evidence for each and why these three popular options (he mentions others like Adolf Harnack's suggestion that Priscilla and Aquila wrote the book) are unlikely.

That leaves us with Luke.  But that's not all the evidence.  From here, the author walks the reader through the linguistic evidence that the writer of Luke-Acts was likely the writer of Hebrews.  Admittedly, this is a difficult and long section of the book.  Unless one understands Greek and linguistics, this will be a painful chapter to work through.  But the conclusion of the author remains consistent.  The evidence suggests that Luke wrote more than just Luke-Acts, he also wrote Hebrews.

The author continues his argument comparing the theology and purpose of Luke-Acts with Hebrews and one finds a lot of similarities.  Dr. Allen admits that finding the exact purpose with each book can be problematic and debated among scholars today, we can find some similarities between the Lukan and Hebrew text.

All of this leads to the historical reconstruction of Luke's writing of the letter.  Overall, the author makes a compelling case for Lukan authorship of Hebrews.  I must admit that Luke is a promising candidate, but like the author, I must still confess that we simply do not know who wrote this letter.  I am unaware of a more thorough survey of this important and fascinating question. 

The author has done his homework and puts forward an argument that ought to be taken seriously and explored even deeper (if that is possible!).  One of the arguments I had not considered regards the identity of Luke as a Gentile.  When the author raised the question of his Gentile background I immediately began asking myself on what basis do we believe that he was a Gentile?  The author suggests that perhaps Luke was in fact a Jew and the arguments suggesting otherwise are problematic.

But before reading this book, let the reader be aware that this book, and every book in this series, is an academic book meant to be read by scholars and students with background in these issues.  One needs to be familiar with Biblical studies, the context and content of the book of Hebrews, theology, history, manuscripts, Greek, patristics, linguistics, etc.  These are not easy subjects and yet the author takes the reader into all such areas of study.  I have studied all of them and have done research on the authorship of Hebrews and I struggled mightily with some of the arguments.  Though the author seeks to help the reader, it is clear that he is not writing to the new believer. 

So who wrote Hebrews?  Dr. Allen says the Gospel writer/historian/physician Luke and he just might be right.  The argument put forth here ought to be taken seriously and maybe Dr. Allen has opened a door that many Christians have refuse to consider.


For more:
Reviews - "The Voice of Luke
Reviews - "Ancient Word, Changing Worlds"  
Reviews - "God's Word in Human Words":  A Detailed Critique - Part 1
Reviews - "God's Word in Human Words":  A Detailed Critique - Part 2
Reviews - "God's Word in Human Words":  A Detailed Critique - Part 3
Reviews - "God's Word in Human Words":  A Detailed Critique - Part 4
Reviews - "God's Word in Human Words":  A Detailed Critique - Part 5 
Reviews -  "How to Read the Bible as Literature . . . and Get More Out of It

"Am I Really a Christian?" by Mike McKinley

Are you a Christian?  It is rare that such a book dedicates its volume to such a question with the assumption that perhaps the reader isn't one.  In his book "Am I Really a Christian?" author Mike McKinley seeks to warn the reader that just because they may consider their selves a Christian doesn't make them one.  One may look like a duck, act like a duck, and talk like a duck. But that doesn't mean their a duck.

McKinley's point is evangelistic and pastoral.  As a pastor I can sympathize and that is what I loved about this book.  Many Christians are Christians in name only or are under the delusion that just because they signed a card, got baptized, walked an aisle, or occassionally attend a church that they must be a genuine, name-written-in-the-Lamb's-Book-of-Life Christian.  McKinley writes with some real honestly.  If your a Christian, you might want to double-check to make sure you actually are one.

The chapter titles say enough about the argument he puts forward.  You are not a Christian . . .:
  1. . . . Just Because You Say That You Are
  2. . . . If You Haven't Been Born Again
  3. . . . Just Because You Like Jesus
  4. . . . If You Enjoy Sin
  5. . . . If You Do Not Endure to the End
  6. . . . If You Don't Love Other People
  7. . . . If You Love Your Stuff
Each chapter explores these themes and the author takes the time to explain some of its themes. Chapter 2, for example, walks the reader through what Jesus meant by the phrase, "you must be born again."  Unless we are regenerated, we are not saved.  I particularly loved the chapters on sin and endurance.  Too many people, particularly in the Bible Belt where I serve as pastor, believe that because salvation is by faith alone it doesn't matter how they live.  This is an old heresy that is still around.  Instead, we must persevere in both holiness and through suffering and the author guides the reader through the process and how the gospel helps us live righteously and in perseverance.

But in a book where the author seeks to convince the reader that they may not be a believer, is there any hope for assurance?  The author couldn't be more clear in one of his last chapters; yes.  Yes we can have assurance that we are truly redeemed and safe in the hands of the Redeemer.

This is a great book especially for pastors wanting some insight in how to preach on these subjects and for believers struggling with assurance and with those who have bought into cheap grace and other false gospel lies.  McKinley is a good writer and anything published by Crossway is worth the read.  The book has the stamp of approval of Mark Dever's 9Marks ministry.  I encourage Christians, new and experienced, to consider the argument put forward here and for all believers to take the gospel more seriously.

Are you a Christian?  That is the most important question we could ever ask.


This book was given to me free of charge for the purpose of this review.


Here is the author answering the question, "What is the Gospel?" in a promotional video for the book. There are several more than just this one.





For more:
Reviews - What is the Gospel?   
Reviews - "Life's Biggest Questions" by Erik Thoennes
Reviews - "King Solomon" by Philip Graham Ryken  
Reviews - "The Gospel According to Jesus" by John MacArthur 
Reviews - The gospel According to Jesus" by Chris Seay 
Reviews - Hard to Believe 

Monday, September 19, 2011

Love Wins?: Phil Johnson's Critic of Bell's Best-Seller

I have not personally reviewed the book but I have read Rob Bell's very controversial 2011 book Love Wins.  Here is a 50+ minute review from Phil Johnson (close associate of John MacArthur) on the book that I found helpful.





For more:
Theology - MSNBC Takes on Bell . . . Or At Least Tries Too
Blogizomai - Freud's Wish Fulfillment: Why Atheism Can't Explain Atheism
Theology - Driscoll:  Hell is the Wrath of God in Effect  
Theology - McLaren and McKnight:  Conversations on Being a Heretic 
Theology - Piper on Helless Preaching
Reviews - "Jesus Wants To Save Christians" by Rob Bell
Reviews - "Jesus Wants To Save Christians" by Rob Bell (separate from above)
Reviews - "Velvet Elvis" by Rob Bell   
Reviews - "Religion Saves" by Mark Driscoll 

Tuesday, September 13, 2011

"The Social Principles of Jesus"

The Social Principles of JesusI am in the middle of writing a paper on Walter Rauschenbusch and recently sat down to read his book The Social Principles of Jesus.  This book is quit different from his rest.  The book is written primarily to college students and includes daily reading primarily from the Gospels with comments from Rauschenbusch seeking to prove that Jesus was a social gospel leader before the social gospel was trendy and cool.  Each chapter ends with a series of questions, similar to a study guide, for the reader to reflect on the content of the chapter.

The book puts forth standard social gospel texts but like all of the other such social gospel and liberation theology efforts, the exegesis, hermenteutics, interpretations, applications, and theology simply fail.  There is little said about the atonement (apart from his chapter on vicarious suffering).  Many of his interpretations (particularly of some of Jesus' parables) are problematic and some are simply wrong.  Furthermore, Rauschenbusch puts forward passages that fit his agenda (like Luke 4 and Matthew 25) but fail to put forward passages that run against his whole social gospel agenda. 

In the end, if one wants to understand Rauschenbusch's theology, though this isn't the best book for that (I would recommend A Theology for the Social Gospel for that) there is a lot of great insight here.  His excursions on the Kingdom of God and his definition of it as the reign of God are great.  This text gives brevity to what he expounds on in more detail elsewhere.

This is a fairly brief book that can be downloaded for free on your Kindle.  I recommend it to those who want to know more about Rauschenbusch and the social gospel.  Beyond that, like everything else from him, there are better things to read.

But I will say that another great insight in this book is how at times I couldn't tell if I was reading Rauschenbusch of the early 20th Century or various Emergent leaders of the early 21st Century.  I continue to believe that the Emergent movement is nothing more than a postmodern version of the 20th Century liberal social gospel.  Rauschenbusch continues to prove my point.


For more:
Blogizomai - "The Kingdom is Always But Coming
Review - "A Theology for the Social Gospel" - Part 1
Review - "A Theology for the Social Gospel" - Sin
Review - "A Theology for the Social Gospel" - Atonement  
Theology - Orthodoxy vs. Unorthodoxy: A Look at Rauschenbush's "A Theology for the Social Gospel"
Blogizomai - Repost Friday | How To Change the World: The Advantage and Power of the Gospel and the Limits of the Social Gospel
Blogizomai - What Would Jesus Vote?:  Jesus, Health Care, and the Gospel
Blogizomai - Have We Forgotten the Gospel?  Glenn Beck, Social Justice, and the Gospel
Blogizomai - Who Isn't One?:  Brian McLaren and Social Christians
Blogizomai - Repost | What Did the Cross Accomplish?: External Hope or Internal Reformation
Blogizomai - Have We Forgotten the Gospel?:  Glenn Beck, Social Justice, and the Gospel of Jesus Christ
Blogizomai - Crossing the Wall of Separation: The Danger of the State Wooing the Church
Blogizomai - Weekly Recommendation - "Generous Justice" by Timothy Keller
Review - "Jesus Wants to Save Christians
Review - "UnChristian"
Reviews - "The Justice Project
Review - "The Hole in Our Gospel" by Richard Stearns
Review - "The Gospel According to Jesus" by Chris Seay  
Review - "Outlive Your Life" by Max Lucado 
Review - "When Helping Hurts
Review - "Everything Must Change
Review - "The Great Awakening" Part 1
Review - "The Great Awakening" Part 2
Shortblog - Glenn Beck and Social Justice
Shortblog - The Power of the Gospel in Bringing Social Change:  Perhaps We Need to Reconsider Our Efforts
Theology - Is Wallis a Marxist?  A New Video Surfaces
Theology - Repent for Health Care is At Hand: Did Obama Just Legislate the Gospel?
Theology - The Postmodern Social Gospel: Brian McLaren Proves My Point 
Theology - The Bible and Poverty: The Gospel as the Remedy 
Theology - What Does It Mean to be  Christian?

"Why Our Church Switched to the ESV"

Why Our Church Switched to the ESVAs a pastor, I get asked about Bible translations all the time.  Being in the South - i.e. the Bible belt - the King James Version is the standard translation by which all other translations are judged.  This is rather unfortunate for reasons that go beyond this review, but nonetheless the large number of translations remains a challenge for believers today.  Especially among young people.  Simply put, young people do not like and cannot read the King James Version.  Period.  I grew up on it and I struggle with it.  Thus knowing which translation to read, buy, and as a pastor, to preach from is important.

Pastor and author Kevin DeYoung offers his take on the subject in the book Why Our Church Switched to the ESV (Crossway, 2011).  The title gives away the thesis.  One should also note the publisher.  Crossway is the publisher of the English Standard Version (ESV) and thus is promoting this book.

The book is not a critique of every translation or even of the major translations of the Bible.  It is really a brief text on why the ESV is better than the NIV (New International Version, published by Zondervan).  DeYoung seeks to offer a simple reason to why he preaches from and his churches uses the ESV and does so in brevity.  Thus his target isn't other translations but with the ESV.

This is both a strength and a weakness.  The NIV is the most popular translation and thus in an attempt to be brief, DeYoung is able to cover a lot of material comparing the ESV with a translation that most readers are at least familiar with.  However, comparing the ESV with just the NIV is misleading.  The two are very different with very different approaches to translations.

The NIV is a thought-for-thought translation.  The ESV is more of a word-for-word translation.  Here I side with the ESV.  DeYoung perfers accuracy over the thoughts and interpretation of the translation committee.  I couldn't agree with him more here.  But what would have happened if he compared the ESV with the NASB (New American Standard Bible, and my personal favorite)?  I believe that in most cases, the NASB is more literal than the ESV.  But then again, DeYoung wants both accuracy and readability, something that the ESV does better than the NASB.

But nonetheless, the book does offer some helpful examples of the differences in translations.  DeYoung writes with the mind and heart of a pastor and thus offers more than just academia, but pastoral ministry. That is a real strength of the book.  But reading a book that has a clear bias makes it not the best book on the subject.  This is as much an advertisement as it is a critique and an explanation that helps believers pick a translation and that may be what both DeYoung and Crossway want.

As a pastor, I recommend the ESV perhaps more than any other translation (close behind the NASB).  Every graduation and baptism candidate receives an ESV Bible and I can count on an ESV reader being present at every Wednesday Night and Sunday Night Bible study.  And I am in the Bible Belt!  Clearly the ESV is a great translation and I agree with DeYoung's critiques of the NIV, but the book fails to convince the reader that the ESV is better than all other translations in that it leaves the others out.


For more:
Reviews - "Ancient Word, Changing Worlds"  
Reviews - "God's Word in Human Words": Full Series 
Reviews - "How to Read the Bible as Literature . . . and Get More Out of It
Reviews - "The Good News We Almost Forgot" by Kevin DeYoung 
Reviews - "Just Do Something" by Kevin DeYoung
Reviews - "Why We're Not Emergent:  By Two Guys Who Should Be" by Kevin DeYoung

Friday, September 2, 2011

"The Kingdom is Always But Coming"

The Kingdom is Always But Coming: A Life of Walter RauschenbuschOne of the most important theologians and thinkers in the past 150 years is Walter Rauschensbusch whose social gospel movement continues to challenge orthodox Christianity and remains popular among many well-intentioned, yet misguided postmodern evangelicals.  One cannot read the writings and listen to the lectures, sermons, and presentations of people like Jim Wallis, Tony Campolo, Brian McLaren, and others (like Walter's great-grandson Paul Rauschenbusch) without seeing Walter Rauschenbusch standing on their shoulder.

In other words, many liberals today continue to stand on the foundation built by Rauschenbusch and in his recent biography The Kingdom is Always But Coming: A Life of Walter Rauschenbusch Christopher Evans shows us just why Rauschenbusch was so influential, what he really believed, and why he still matters.

Evans has written the best biography on Rauschenbusch in recent years.  Evans is an academic who has clearly done his homework and presents a thorough survey of his life, ministry, theology, and thought.  Rauschenbusch is the most recognizable voice in the social gospel movement, but he was not the first.  Rauschenbusch, though not the best theologian of his time, made a case for the social gospel that was popular and timely and Evans shows how he did this.

I am currently writing a paper on Rauschenbusch for a Ph.D. class highlighting his understanding of the atonement and was directed towards Evans new biography as a starting point to understand better Rauschenbusch's world and thought.  I have found that when focusing in on someone's theology, it is important to understand their story and biography and Evans is without a doubt the best place to start.  Evans offers the reader great insight into what made him tick, the challenges he faced academically, pastorally, theologically, and in his own family.

A couple of things I found particular helpful.  First, Evans' survey of August Rauschenbusch, Walter's father, was insightful.  In many ways, Walter was following in his father's footsteps.  Though August was a pietist and Walter essentially left it behind (though his pietist background greatly influenced him), his father remained a huge influence in his life.  August instilled the families German heritage by returning his children to their home country and Walter continued this practice for the rest of his life and for his family.  In order to understand Walter, in many ways one must understand his father.  Evans offers a great survey of this relationship and who August was as a man.

Secondly, though Evans does not offer a robust survey of Rauschenbusch's theology, he does give the reader some great insight into what drove his theology.  One cannot separate theology from biography and Evans shows how his experiences as a pastor in New York, his reading of theologians like Horace Bushnell and Albrecht Ritschl, his reading and study of political scientists like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and his upbringing as a German pietist in America shaped his theology.  The social conditions of his congregation, for example, led him to reject American capitalism and to call Christians to abandon a "too heavenly minded" faith.

Thirdly, Evans takes us into the world of Rauschenbusch as a husband and a father.  We know him as a professor, writer, theologian, historian, preacher, pastor, and social activists, but few of us think of him as a husband and a father.  I would love to know more about his wife.  Evans quotes her as saying how she was so dedicated to her husband that she was driven by how else she could help his ministry.  At the same time, Walter's schedule kept him away from home a lot and this caused some problems with his relationships with his children.

What I found particularly interesting about his children is the direction of their own theology - something that says a lot about the implications of Rauschenbusch's own theology.  The social gospel is dependent on liberalism.  You can't separate the two.  Thus naturally many who embrace Walter's theology are liberals and liberalism is a spiraling theology.  It continues to sink deeper and deeper towards Process Theology and then towards Deism, Theism, and to Christian Atheism.  That's exactly what we see in Walter's family.  And that is exactly what we saw in modern liberalism and what we are seeing in postmodern liberalism.

For those interested in understanding the story behind the leading thinker in the social gospel movement, I can think of no better place to turn than to Evans' helpful biography.  He's a great writer who understands Rauschenbusch.  Walter is a hugely important thinker and Evans shows why.  Though Evans fails to dive deep into Walter's theology, he offers some great insights into what he believed and why.  A great read.


For more on Walter Rauschenbusch:
You can read Waltar Raushenbush's groundbreaking book, "A Theology for the Social Gospel" online here.
Review - "A Theology for the Social Gospel" - Part 1
Review - "A Theology for the Social Gospel" - Sin
Review - "A Theology for the Social Gospel" - Atonement  


For more:
Blogizomai - Repost Friday | How To Change the World: The Advantage and Power of the Gospel and the Limits of the Social Gospel
Blogizomai - What Would Jesus Vote?:  Jesus, Health Care, and the Gospel
Blogizomai - Have We Forgotten the Gospel?  Glenn Beck, Social Justice, and the Gospel
Blogizomai - Who Isn't One?:  Brian McLaren and Social Christians
Blogizomai - Repost | What Did the Cross Accomplish?: External Hope or Internal Reformation
Blogizomai - Have We Forgotten the Gospel?:  Glenn Beck, Social Justice, and the Gospel of Jesus Christ
Blogizomai - Crossing the Wall of Separation: The Danger of the State Wooing the Church
Blogizomai - Weekly Recommendation - "Generous Justice" by Timothy Keller
Review - "Jesus Wants to Save Christians
Review - "UnChristian"
Reviews - "The Justice Project
Review - "The Hole in Our Gospel" by Richard Stearns
Review - "The Gospel According to Jesus" by Chris Seay  
Review - "Outlive Your Life" by Max Lucado 
Review - "When Helping Hurts
Review - "Everything Must Change
Review - "The Great Awakening" Part 1
Review - "The Great Awakening" Part 2
Shortblog - Glenn Beck and Social Justice
Shortblog - The Power of the Gospel in Bringing Social Change:  Perhaps We Need to Reconsider Our Efforts
Theology - Is Wallis a Marxist?  A New Video Surfaces
Theology - Repent for Health Care is At Hand: Did Obama Just Legislate the Gospel?
Theology - The Postmodern Social Gospel: Brian McLaren Proves My Point 
Theology - The Bible and Poverty: The Gospel as the Remedy 
Theology - What Does It Mean to be  Christian?
Theology - Orthodoxy vs. Unorthodoxy: A Look at Rauschenbush's "A Theology for the Social Gospel"

Sociable